top of page

Cryptocurrency

Key takeaways

  • Bitcoin was the first Cryptocurrency that enabled decentralized money transfers

  • ​Today, Cryptocurrencies enable not only decentralized money transfers but a world of decentralized applications

  • The main idea of most Cryptocurrencies is to enable decentralization and build an economy where individuals own their things

  • Cryptocurrencies have to be held with the help of a wallet

What is a Cryptocurrency?

The name cryptocurrency can be split into two parts. The first part is 'crypto', the short form of 'cryptography' which is the science of encrypting information. The second part is 'currency'. By viewing these words separately, cryptocurrencies have to be a new sort of currency that uses cryptography to encrypt information. The main idea was to create a digital currency that could be traded from one party to another without the necessity of a middleman (a bank). 

 

If you think further on that idea, Cryptocurrencies enable a decentralized financial system. The topics range from fungible or non-fungible Tokens (NFTs) up to decentralized Apps, decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO), the development of the web (web3), and so on... What all these topics have in common is the focus on decentralization and owning things instead of trusting others to take care of our things.

​

The first and by far the most popular cryptocurrency is Bitcoin. It was presented in 2008 and as you might already know, nobody knows who the real founder of Bitcoin is. In the beginning, Bitcoin was not considered a real currency, and not many people could foresee how much popularity Bitcoin would gain over the next couple of years. You might hear of the stories, where seven Bitcoins were used to buy a pizza or people searching garbage dumps to find their old hardware which contained some Bitcoins. Nonetheless, Bitcoin solved one big problem that many people couldn't solve before - the double spending problem. What it means is, that money could be transferred digitally from one account (wallet) to another without a bank in between. A decentralized transaction.

​

Nowadays there are many different Cryptocurrencies on the market and they all have different use cases and technologies. They also focus on solving different problems and many of them are just scams. On this Website I will present some of the coins to you and what their basic idea is. What all Cryptocurrencies have in common is that they all enable a world of decentralized finance (Defi).

The original idea of Bitcoin

You might ask yourself 'What's so special about Bitcoin if it is just a new form of digital money? I already used digital money for a long time on my bank account...' but here comes the clue. Bitcoin allows the exchange of money between two parties, without the necessity of a bank. Think about it. Digital money can be exchanged between two parties, without a bank, keeping track of the exchange.

 

Maybe you are thinking right now 'Wow, that's what the whole topic is all about... Exchanging money without a middleman? I do this all the time when I pay someone in cash. No bank ever knows about it...' that's right. With cash you can do so... with digital money, you cannot. You cannot transfer digital money from one bank account to another bank account, without having a middleman (the bank or maybe the government) keeping an eye on every transaction. Is this a problem for most people? Probably not. That's why we don't hear so many people complaining about the third eye watching our transactions. Is it necessary from our point of view that a third eye is keeping track of our transactions? Well... before the invention of Bitcoin, it was, for technical reasons. Otherwise, a transfer from one bank account to another bank account couldn't happen. If you tell someone that every transaction that is made, is watched by a third party, it may sound uncomfortable, even if we have nothing to hide. It is a matter of privacy, like when a love couple has intimate moments together. Even though they have nothing to 'hide' they wouldn't like to be observed.

 

To be fair: I don't blame banks or governments for watching what we're spending our money on. There are laws and governance regulations that forbid observations like that and to be honest, why should anybody care about our spending most of the time? Even though we have laws that prevent observations, technically it would be possible. Only the law would have to be changed or someone smart enough would need to hack into the system.

​

So why aren't we more concerned about our privacy? Well... It is just a matter of comfort. The benefits of the digital transfer of money exceed the disadvantage of a lack of privacy. It is not nice that with every transaction, possibly a third eye could track each of our transactions. But anyway, we have nothing to hide so why not just accept it? And we trust the law of course we also trust the security regulations of big institutions so they prevent intruders from stealing our data. And as we all know, this works perf... Well... Other topic. Ok, even if we wouldn't trust the law and the security arrangements, why would I as an individual say something about it? Nobody does and moreover it would make me suspicious. People would ask if I have something to hide or why I am complaining.

​

Now we found out that our current state of money transactions is not perfect, but it works, so we live with it. The reason why Bitcoin and other coins are established in our system is because it gives a solution for the described problem. Even though it is not perfect, over time it gained more and more in popularity and increased more and more in value as we all know.

Bitcoin and Ether - the two most important Cryptocurrencies

Bitcoin enabled a way to decentralize money transactions. The development of the decentralization of money transactions is the decentralization of programs. That is what the goal of the Ethereum System is. The only purpose of Bitcoin is to create a ledger that contains every transaction of Bitcoin that where ever made. Ethereum however is a whole ecosystem that not 

 

Blockchain is the technology, that enables decentralized money transfers. It is the foundation of every cryptocurrency. But not every Blockchain works the same. Bitcoin has its own Blockchain and Ethereum also has its Blockchain. The difference between these two Blockchains is, that on the Bitcoin Blockchain, you can only make Bitcoin transactions whereas on the Ethereum Blockchain, you can make Ether transactions as well as build apps and implement smart contracts. Ethereum is a system that you can interact with and Ether is the currency with which you pay, to interact with the system.

Can Cryptocurrencies be considered as real money?

To call something money, three characteristics need to be ensured. Those are:

​

  1. Medium of exchange

  2. Store of value

  3. Unit of account

​

If we take Bitcoin as an example, we can say, that it is a medium of exchange and it is also a unit of account because you can make mathematical calculations with it. Nevertheless, the high price fluctuations make Bitcoin a bad store of value. Other cryptocurrencies are pegged to fiat currencies or stable assets like gold to counteract high volatility. They are called stablecoins and they fulfill the definition of real money.

​

​

Cryptopedia101

bottom of page